<p>
It has been remarked that the two most important events of the Western World (Western Europe and America) were the Anglo-Saxon migrations from the continent of Europe to Britain in the 6th and 7th centuries, and the Anglo-Saxon migrations from Britain to America centuries later, in the 16th and 17th centuries. From those first migrations resulted the State of England, renowned for the struggles of its people to secure the inalienable rights of freemen; from the second resulted the United States of America, to be known in history as a nation affording the surest methods of state craft to preserve such rights. We may well trace the trend of migration a little further, from the thirteen colonies, whose action brought the great republic into life, into the territory of Texas. The thirteen original colonies constituted a fringe along the Atlantic; but the Northwest territory was a part of the national domain and the claims of the southern States extended to the Mississippi. Then acquisition of Louisiana sealed the title to land west of the great river and bounded on the southwest by the Sabine and the Red Rivers. Immediately after the revolution the Americans plunged into this land west of the Alleghanies and in an incredibly short space of time had reached to the Mississippi. Kentucky and Tennessee became a part of the congeries of States before the end of the century, within a decade after the Government started under the constitution. Previous to 1840, the southwest filled more rapidly than the northwest. In a few years about all land east of the Mississippi had been taken up by settlers, and pioneers were already looking to the West. They poured across the Mississippi to the banks of the Missouri and the Sabine. This mass of emigration was native American, for the great general rush from Europe did not begin until about 1847.</p>
<p>
So the people filling the lands between the Alleghenies and the Mississippi and pushing into the lands beyond were of the stock of the original thirteen colonies, hence Anglo-Saxon. United by ties of race, language and political ideals, they formed a homogeneous mass. It was from this mass, and largely from the Southern part, that settlers crossed the Sabine River and passed into the territory of Texas. If there be a divinity which shapes our ends, then it was designed that Texas should be the goal of the Third Anglo-Saxon Migration.</p>
<p>
Texas at that time was a territory of Mexico, lately freed, through revolution, from Spain. The Americans did not enter the territory as trespassers. Not only was the Mexican Government favorable to the immigration of Americans but helpful and conducive; with its consent the Americans came in colonies whose leaders were called impresaries and who were granted large tracts of land; and each individual received broad acres for grazing and cultivation. The first colony under Stephen F. Austin crossed the Brazos River and came to Austin Creek on New Year’s Day, 1822.</p>
<p>
The colonies were permitted to Import family supplies and agricultural Implements free of duty, and there was an exemption of taxation for several years. Justice was fairly administered and schools seemed not too far distant. Had this state of affairs continued no man can say what would have been the resultant history of the Third Migration.</p>
<p>
Unfortunately for Mexico, not only were the Texans of that early day far removed from the Mexican people by race, language and political ideals, even largely by religion, but this removal seemed to create against them an unreasonable animosity in the Mexicans. But even this animosity might have been overcome in time had the Mexican government been in a condition to consider things wisely and well. But the Mexican government was not then able to consider things wisely and well.</p>
<p>
In its new found independence Mexico entered a period of confusion. Mexican history from 1821, the date that marks Mexico’s successful resolution from Spain, was a series of revolutions which made consistent policy in any matter impossible. And finally a dictator came into control.</p>
<p>
The action of the Americans was not hasty. In various sections attempts were made for peaceful settlements. But at last the actions of the Mexican Government evoked that spirit of revolt against typranny, born centuries ago on the distant banks of the Elbe in the forests of Thuringia. Like their fathers in Europe and later in the colonies, the patience of the Americans in Texas held them no longer. And the Third Migration resulted in the free Nation of Texas.</p>
<p>
It is somewhat remarkable that some of the pioneers and heroes of Texas were in two Migrations. Yet such happened in the case of one certain <em>William Carleton</em>.</p>
<p>
William Carleton and Elizabeth Coxhead were married in London August 1, 1833. A few months later they emigrated to New York and lived in that State until the fall of 1834, when they joined Austin’s colony in Texas. Carleton was one of the young men who framed the Matagorda and Prairie pledge. This pledge was “To give protection to Goliad and especially to Guadeloupe Victoria and all other towns they entered; requiring only, that the citizens of said towns stand firm to the Republican Constitution of the Government of Mexico and of Coahuila and Texas under the constitution of 1812; and for the redemption of this resolution, we pledge our lives, our property and our sacred honor”.</p>
<p>
But when the break came in 1835, William Carleton was most active. He fought at what is called the first battle of Goliad October 9, 1835 where the Mexican garrison was overcome and a store of military supplies captured. Unfortunately at this time his health gave way and the family had to proceed to New Orleans. He did not return to Texas for some time but he was rewarded for his services in the early days of the struggle with a league and labor of land. On his return to Texas the family settled in Austin where Guy, the 9th child, was born September 9th, 1857.</p>
<p>
Guy’s boyhood days were much the same as those of the boy of those days. He attended the J. B. Smith School and then the Texas Military Academy, both in Austin. His older brother, Frederick, was a lawyer, practicing in Austin after he finished 4 years of active service in the Civil War. Young Guy entered as a student in his brother’s office; but he was active in outside matters. He was Treasurer of the Austin Street Railway Company, which was at that time, composed of four horse drawn street cars, all four of which were named after Austin men. It was his duty to meet the cars at certain hours and bank the money taken in; and also to keep the books. He also was active in assisting the Senior Warden of St. David’s Episcopal Church, in collecting payments for the Church. And at this point it will be well to mention that General Carleton was an active Church member all the years of his life, and for years after his retirement he was a vestryman in St. Mark’s, the large Episcopal Church in San Antonio.</p>
<p>
In 1877 this Texas boy received an appointment as a Cadet at West Point. He duly reported and successfully pursued the four years course, standing No. 17 in a class of 53. On graduation in 1881, of his own choice, he was commissioned in the Cavalry.</p>
<p>
General Carleton’s Cadet days may best be described by quotation from a book by his distinguished classmate, Williston Fish, entitled “In the Bonds of ‘81”</p>
<p>
“When I think of Guy it is as if I thought of all the Class and all the Corps, and all West Point, and all the old times.</p>
<p>
“Our first meeting after Graduation was in 1896 when he came to Chicago. When I met him, for a space of time I did not see it was Guy. And then I knew him as well as his own parents would have known him—Was it the golden Cavalry moustache that confused the much loved ‘Fish’—such as Cavalry men of ‘Indian Country’ take pride in and develop promptly, and which had been well known to me in the Cadet days of fifteen years since?</p>
<p>
“As for how he looked? He seemed just as he did at West Point and we had not been separated longer than say—between French and Reading. We had not been divided by Time or Distance nor Circumstance. Think of ‘Guy Carleton’ that is the way he looked.</p>
<p>
“It was in the summer-time, when all good things happen, that Guy came. It is the month when we cry, ‘Up: Ho!’ and move into Camp. It is the month when the leaves are long and large; when the brooks sing their quiet song when everything settles down to being Summer and winter is far away and forgotten. June is the month when you notice how empty is the Area of Barracks and the grass begins to grow in the cracks of the walk along the porch.</p>
<p>
“It was in June Guy came—and if it wasn’t June he made it seem like June—If it wasn’t—I tell it as I remember it. What kind of a man was Guy, to speak of him calmly. He was nice, loyal, friendly, witty, affectionate, merry and gay—just, kind, and generous; resolute, dependable, well balanced, and all things good,—and all were adjusted to each other, so that he was true as a die. There was no dearer boy in the dear old class.</p>
<p>
“He was hop-manager as a Yearling —and ever after all things social were showered upon him. He was a most excellent hop-manager—he put the spirit of joy into everything.</p>
<p>
“I think of us as all back in the old places in the old days ‘Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave thy song—Nor ever can those trees be bare’. That can mean the elm trees about Camp and the elm trees about the Plain. In summer time at West Point the trees are green, and we are still fair youths—nor ever do we leave our song. Each file is still as he was, in the Company street in the evenings; our candles are lit, and we are ‘forever piping songs forever new’.</p>
<p>
“Do you remember? But of course you do—the jolly, happy times when ‘Guy’ was with us.”</p>
<p>
Guy Carleton, on graduation, was assigned to the Second Cavalry, in which regiment he served for seventeen years.</p>
<p>
On June 20, 1883, in St. David’s Church, Austin, he was married to Miss Cora Bell Arthur of Austin, whom he had known for years. Lieutenant and Mrs. Carleton’s first station was Fort Assiniboine, Montana, to reach which they had to travel by stage for 200 miles. Almost immediately upon arrival, while trying to get settled in quarters, the young Lieutenant was ordered out after Indians. This was not the first of many such experiences, as the regiment was almost continuously in the field. It was supposed in later years that officers’ stations would in general not be changed oftener than once in four years. Yet in a short space of time the young Lieutenant was at Fort McGinnis, Fort Custer, then at Coeur d’ Alene, Idaho.</p>
<p>
In 1886, Lieutenant Carleton was detailed for duty at the A.&M. College of Texas. Upon completion of this duty, he joined his regiment at Walla Walla, Washington and went with the regiment in 1890 to Arizona. After a short while he went to Fort Wingate, New Mexico, where he served 5 years. He then was detailed on recruiting duty and spent two years at St. Paul, Minnesota; then joined his regiment in 1897 at Fort Riley, Kansas. In the outbreak of the War with Spain, he went with his regiment to Tampa and Cuba.</p>
<p>
Having received his Captaincy on July 1, 1898, the old regimental promotion procedure, having been discontinued, he was assigned to the 10th Cavalry and joined the regiment at Huntsville, Alabama, which was soon ordered to Fort Sam Houston, Texas; and in the spring of 1899 proceeded to Cuba. Here the newly made Captain was in the squadron that maintained order in the Province of Santiago; then his troop was ordered to Regimental Headquarters at Manzanillo. Early in 1900 the regiment returned to Texas and was stationed along the Mexican Border.</p>
<p>
As to the character of his service and the performance of duty by Captain Carleton on the Border, one can best refer to a report by a Department Inspector, reading as follows: —</p>
<p>
“The post was commanded by Captain Guy Carleton, 10th Cavalry, from January 22d, 1900, to September 20, 1900. The almost perfect state of police in which I found the post, and the excellent condition of the stores and buildings, was due to this officer, as was also the good feeling which existed between the garrison and the civilians and civil authorities of Rio Grande City. This is the more to be commended from the fact that on the arrival of Captain Carleton at Ringgold, there existed a decided feeling of animosity on the part of the civilians toward the soldiers, which had resulted but a short time before in serious collisions between them”.</p>
<p>
In September his troop moved to Fort Sam Houston and remained there until it left with the regiment for the Philippines in April 1901. On arrival, the regiment was ordered to Samar, the families being left in Manila. Captain Carleton’s troop was assigned to an area in the Gandara Valley. He worked in this valley and also supervised the work of a troop in the adjoining area. As to the operation of his work in quieting the Valley, full of insurgents, see the remarks of the Secretary of War in a personal letter to General Carleton, quoted later in this memoir. Upon completion of the work in Samar the regiment moved to Panay, Carleton’s troops going to Capiz. Four months later he was ordered to Manila, having been detailed in the Paymaster’s Department. Part of this detail was spent in Manila and the rest at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. It was at this time that Captain Carleton came in contact with one of America’s great soldiers and noblest characters, Brigadier General Jesse M. Lee. The following letter gives a picture of the close friendship of two American Soldiers in the old days: —</p>
<p>
“November 1, 1905. “Captain Guy Carleton, U.S.A.,<br />
Fort Riley, Kansas.</p>
<p>
“My dear Captain:</p>
<p>
“As you have been recently relieved from duty at Headquarters of the Department of Texas upon completion of your detail in the Pay Department, I desire to express to you in this way my appreciation of the very satisfactory manner with which you have discharged the many responsible duties of Chief Paymaster, and as Assistant to the Chief Paymaster in this Department. Your work in this Department has always been characterized by promptness, efficiency and accuracy, and was commendatory in every respect.</p>
<p>
“While our official relations have been in the highest degree agreeable, those of a personal character have been equally pleasing; and myself and family will ever cherish our acquaintance and association with you and yours, each of whom has contributed so generously and constantly to our social enjoyment.</p>
<p>
“With best wishes for health, prosperity and happiness,</p>
<p>
“I remain, my dear Captain,<br />
J. M. LEE,<br />
Brigadier General, U.S.A.”</p>
<p>
In the fall of 1905 Captain Carleton was ordered to the 13th Cavalry at Fort Riley, Kansas. Here he received his promotion to Major in 1906 and was assigned to the 4th Cavalry at Jolo, returning shortly with the Regiment to the States. The 4th Cavalry went to Fort Meade, S. D. The following summer the regiment participated in the Wyoming maneuvers and from there Major Carleton went to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas for a 10 weeks course, which was being given at that time for selected officers. Then he proceeded to the War College. He was retained there as an instructor and also as one of two directors. At this time General Witherspoon was President of the College, and shortly thereafter became Chief of Staff. Carleton was well fitted for this important work and was of great aid to that remarkable man, Hunter Liggett, who was at that time the Senior Director of the College. At that time he was placed on the General Staff.</p>
<p>
On passage of the so called Manchu Law in 1912 he was sent to the 3rd Cavalry, Fort Sam Houston, having been promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. Here he was made use of by the Department Commander in handling some disturbing affairs on the Mexican Border.</p>
<p>
In 1914 he took the short course in equitation at Fort Riley (hardly a needed experience for a Texan and Cavalryman) and returned to Fort Sam Houston. At once he was sent by the Department Commander to Galveston, Texas, as Embarkation officer, a most important position in view of the trouble with Mexico and the conditions at Vera Cruz. When the disturbing situation cleared, Colonel Carleton submitted on request, a dissertation on Embarkation, which could later be made use of.</p>
<p>
On promotion to Colonel, he was detailed in the Inspector General’s Department, ordered to San Francisco and a year later to the Philippines, sailing in October 1916.</p>
<p>
The United States entered the First World War in April 1917. One of the first promotion orders carried Guy Carleton as a Brigadier General. Coming home from the Philippines he was, like a number of other Brigadiers from the Cavalry, selected for Command of a depot brigade. He was sent to Camp Taylor, Kentucky where he remained until January 1918, when he was ordered to Camp Wadsworth, S. C. He had passed some three physical examinations and rather expected to be assigned to the command of the 4th Division, then slated for France. However, the Camp Wadsworth order destroyed hopes of immediate Foreign Service. His duty at Camp Wadsworth was to prepare a camp for 50,000 men, organize and train them for Corps and Army troops. Here he was most successful and his war service was signally marked by his work at Camp Wadsworth. Troops came, stopped and trained at Wadsworth and then went on to France. It seems that in this instance an officer’s talents were utilized by the War Department to their greatest extent. General Carleton would of course, have made a good Division, Corps or Army Commander, but it is doubtful if many officers could have done as well at the Camp Wadsworth task. By nature he was fitted for that work; calm, just, sympathetic, yet firm and continuously insisting on work. Under him, thousands of soldiers developed for their war work. The quotations’ below afford a view of the opinion of officers who served under and with him in the laborious work of depot training:</p>
<p>
“The kindest, most thoughtful gentleman and soldier, I think it was my good fortune to meet. My Military mentor and the General who was Commander and General.”</p>
<p>
“Nothing could give me more pleasure than to see my old General and have a little get-together with some of the fellows who were associated at Wadsworth.”</p>
<p>
“To my way of thinking, he was the only officer who tried to do something in the way of training; in any event, so far as I was concerned, and we all appreciated his constructive methods and enjoyed our personal contact with him.”</p>
<p>
“Service together makes war friends. Service under General Carleton made me feel a great deal more than friendship for him.”</p>
<p>
“I cannot help but express my feelings in a most humble way of the joy and happiness I had in serving under you at Camp Wadsworth in 1918; the very able and most instructive manner in which you spread your knowledge on ‘field service’ to us officers of the National Guard.”</p>
<p>
General Carleton was told in the fall of 1918 that he could have the choice of going to France or of organizing the 96th Division at Camp Wadsworth and taking it over. The latter appealed to him more strongly for had he gone over he must displace some commander, and besides with the 96th Division, he would have a division who had been trained by himself. But then came November 11 and the Armistice and so ended any dream of France.</p>
<p>
He was told by the War Department that the question of more troops for Siberia had not yet been settled. Possibly more would be sent and General Carleton could have the 16th Division at Camp Kearney, California, which was slated for Siberia if any more went. But no more troops were sent to Siberia and shortly General Carleton received orders to demobilize the 16th Division. He was complimented by the Chief of Staff and the Secretary of War, when they visited his camp, on the rapidity displayed in demobilization. And he was shortly ordered to Camp Lewis, Washington to demobilize organizations there.</p>
<p>
On completing the work at Camp Lewis, he was given the choice of six western posts and chose Fort Huachuca, Arizona. He reached Fort Huachuca, only to receive an order to proceed to San Francisco for duty in the Inspector General’s Department. Here he remained until September 9, 1921, the date of his retirement.</p>
<p>
General Carleton wore the ribbons of Indian Warfare, Spanish American War, Army of Cuban Pacification, Philippine Insurrection, Border Service, Victory Medal and Distinguished Service Medal. The latter was awarded in General Orders No. 47—</p>
<p>
WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, April 7, 1919 “1—Awards of distinguished service medal.—By direction of the President, under the provisions of the act of Congress approved July 9, 1918 (Bui. No. 43, W.D., 1918), the distinguished service medal is awarded to the following named officers and civilians for exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous service to the Government: “Major General Guy Carleton, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous service as commanding general at Camp Wadsworth, S. C. in organizing and training corps and Army troops during the War.”</p>
<p>
The following letter of the Secretary of War, sent upon retirement, best epitomizes the service of this gallant soldier:—</p>
<p>
“September 12, 1921</p>
<p>
“General Guy Carleton “Headquarters Ninth Corps Area “San Francisco, California “My dear General Carleton, “It has been brought to my attention that you reached the statutory age for retirement on September 9th and have passed to the retired list.</p>
<p>
I feel that an officer of your long and distinguished service should not be permitted to leave the active list of the Army without some slight word of appreciation of his efforts of which the service has so long been the beneficiary.</p>
<p>
“Your record, in addition to the routine through which practically all Lieutenants of the Cavalry passed in the days of the Indian Wars, has covered also service in Cuba; especially meritorious service in the Gandara Valley on the Island of Samar, resulting in the destruction of a rebel stronghold at Blancha Aurora, and followed by the pacification of the Gandara Valley. As a Major General you commanded the 96th Division and were, no doubt, destined to wider opportunities in service abroad but for the ending of the war.</p>
<p>
“This is a long, honorable record of service, quietly, unostentatiously rendered and none the less meritorious because circumstances did not permit you to receive the more material rewards that sometimes come to the successful soldier. You may take into your retirement, however, the assurance that your influence has been felt in the service and that your comrades appreciate the good work you have done and wish you well.</p>
<p>
“Sincerely yours,<br />
“(Signed) JOHN W. WEEKS,<br />
“Secretary of War.”</p>
<p>
General and Mrs. Carleton were blessed with two handsome and beautiful daughters. The older, married General Pelham D. Glassford, to whom were born two beautiful daughters, now married to Naval officers; and two sons both now in the Army, one a graduate of West Point. Both had enviable records in World War II. The other daughter never married but remained with her parents and now is the solace of her mother.</p>
<p>
On retirement, General Carleton of course returned to Texas. In all his journeys there was never a time that the Lone Star State was not beckoning. He purchased a modest home in San Antonio, the City of War’s greatest tragedy. And there he lived for many years—busy with Church and Civic activities.</p>
<p>
General Carleton was a devout Christian. One of his happiest recollections was his association with Bishop Charles H. Brent, the great Christian tower of strength, in the Philippine Islands. In San Antonio he became a vestryman and one of the leading men in St. Mark’s Episcopal Church. He became also a member of the Board of Trustees of the Texas Military Institute and of St. Philip’s Junior College.</p>
<p>
And so his years ran on, happy in Church and Civic activities, his entertainments and bridge club until the call of the Omnipotent Ken on January 8, 1946. Two days later, by loving family, relatives and friends, his body was laid softly to rest in the soil of the State he loved so well and which his life had honored so much. But his great heroic Anglo-Saxon Soul passed on, into the Fourth Migration, moving to those lofty realms where Peace Eternal reigns forever and evermore.</p>
<p>
<em>H. A. White</em></p>